Summer jobs

Situation

You are planning to spend half a year in the United States after graduation. During this time you want to visit your American pen friend Peter (16), who is living in California. Peter and you are exchanging information about your plans for the upcoming summer holidays. In one of his messages Peter asks you for advice. He does not know whether taking up a summer job is a good idea or not. You try to find some information to help him.

Getting informed

Read the following text and complete the tasks. The text will provide relevant information on summer jobs in the US.

Text: Summer jobs for teens wane even as research finds big benefits

(A) Boston – After her parents were deported to Haiti when she was eight, Sherley Muscade lived with a family friend in the United States and, eventually, her aunt. She shifted schools often. She babysat during the summers. And then last year, she had her best summer ever: a job at the Boston Planning and Development Agency. “I was absolutely meant to be there,” says Ms. Muscade, now a high school graduate. “I learned so much. At meetings, I was treated as a coworker rather than a lowly intern.” She loved it so much she went back to work at the redevelopment agency this summer. And she’s been accepted to enter Georgetown University this fall.

(B) Muscade’s experience is increasingly rare, however. At a time when most teens are busy burnishing their college résumés with unpaid internships, summer courses, and volunteer gigs, the onetime rite of passage – the summer job – has lost much of its luster. Two generations ago, a majority of teens worked in the summer; now it’s only about 3 in 10.

(C) But for teens who need them, summer jobs are more important than ever even as they’ve become all too scarce. Recent research finds the work opportunities offer disadvantaged youths the experience and job connections that can help them in later years. “There’s nothing quite like being paid to work for someone; I call it the habits of paid work,” says Neil Sullivan, executive director of the Boston Private Industry Council, which coordinates the city’s summer jobs program for disadvantaged youths. The decline in summer jobs, he says, represents „the collapse of America’s workforce training system for teenagers…. It’s like an earthquake in the labor market, and teens fell through and nobody noticed.”

(D) The effect of a generation of twenty-somethings entering the workforce with little or no previous work experience is not yet known. Will they quickly pick up those basic job habits – being on time, dressing appropriately, treating customers with courtesy – that their parents learned early on waiting tables and manning shop counters?“ I worry most about the noncollege-bound kids,” says Alicia Sasser Modestino, a Northeastern University professor who has studied Boston’s summer employment program. “They’re growing up in neighborhoods where there’s a lack of job opportunities.”

(E) Despite a booming economy, summer jobs are in surprisingly short supply. The unemployment rate for 16- to 19-year-olds stood at 13.3 percent in June, three times the rate for the population as a whole. The problem is especially acute among teens from low-income families, according to the Center for Labor Markets and Policy at Drexel University in Philadelphia. Only 20 percent of teens from families earning less than $20,000 a year are likely to have summer jobs, compared with about 40 percent from families earning more than $100,000. Those disadvantaged young people who do get jobs – often through the help of big-city youth programs – can reap rewards that aren’t always obvious. There’s the income, of course. There’s learning vital work habits and skills.

(F) A summer job also provides a tangible pathway where teens can envision a future of employment, as well as links to adults who can provide guidance, professor Modestino says. Her surveys ask teens before and after their summer job whether they have a role model. “We find big improvements over the summer, especially for the males and particularly for the black and Hispanic males,” she says.

(G) There are other benefits. Older high schoolers with poor attendance also spend more time in class after their summer jobs, according to a 2014 study of New York City’s program. Summer jobs lower the crime rate – and not because they keep kids off the street. A 2014 study of disadvantaged high schoolers in Chicago found that a summer jobs program reduced violent crime arrests (among those who had the jobs) by 43 percent over 16 months. Most of the drop occurred after – not during – the eight-week jobs program.

(H) Modestino found a similar crime-reducing effect in Boston. One clue as to why: When asked what they had learned from the summer jobs program, more than 40 percent of the Boston youths “agreed strongly” that they had learned how to manage their temper, how to ask for help, and how to resolve peer conflicts in a constructive way.

(I) Increasingly, though, teens are showing more interest in preparing for college than holding a job. In 1985, 10 percent of teens were enrolled in school in July. Last year, the share had risen to 42 percent. “It’s become two separate worlds,” says Paul Harrington, director of the Center for Labor Markets and Policy at Drexel University in Philadelphia. “You have more kids who have never worked. They’ve never worked! They don’t know how to function in a job market.”

Source: Laurent Belsie (Christian Science Monitor). July 20, 2017 (abridged and adapted)

Listening comprehension

Writing

You are going to write an answer to Peter. Inform him about the positive aspects of a summer job and make suggestions what he could do.

Additional task